Oil-engine.



F. G. HOBART 6L C. B. IAHNKE.

OIL ENGINE. APPLICATION mso Nov. 16. 1914.

Psmented Nov. 2, 1915.

narran srarns iraniana ernten.

FRANKLIN G". HOBART AND CHARLES B. T0 FAIRBANKS, MORSE 6r. COMPANY, ILLINOIS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

.JAHNKE OF BELOIT, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNORS OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF .OIL-ENGINE.

Patented Nov.. 2, 1915.

`pplcation filed November 16, 1914. Serial No. 872,290.

To all whom t mar/ ij concern:

Be it known that We, FRANKLIN G. Honaar and CHARLES B. Jauxnr., citizens of the United States, residing at Beloit, in the county of Rock and State of lisconsin, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Oil-Engines, of which the following is a specification. f

This invention relates to explosive engines in which oil is used as a fuel, and particu.- larly to that class of engines of this sort in which an approximately spherical or a more orless egg shape'd combustion space is provided at the compression end of the cylinder connected thereto by a passageway for the movement of gas, some part of the wall of said combustion chamber being in the first instance heated by external means, as a blow torch, after which the heat of said Wall ignites the oil as it is sprayed into the chain- The object of the invention is te provide a device of this class which is apable of operation Without spray-Water, which is relatively inexpensive to build, Which is more efficient than devices heretofore known and used, which is very sure and accurate in its operation and not readily liable to get out of order.

The invention consists in a device capable of carrying out the foregoing objects, and more particularly in the features of construction which will hereafter be more fully set forth in the specification and claims.

Referring to the drawings, in which similar numerals indicate the same parts throughout the several views, Figure l is a sectional detail view through a device illustrating this invention in its preferred form. Fig. 2 is an end View partially in section taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a View corresponding to Fig. l, showing a modified form of the device. Fig. 4 shows an alternative construction for the interior of the combustion chamber.

The preferred form of the device, illustrated in Fig. l, comprises a cylinder 10 Within which at the left of the ligure is a piston, not shown, adapted to reciprocate. The cylinder is closed by a head l2 having a central perforation lll leading cap 16 secured in place byy any suitable means, such for instance as the cover 1S through Whose flange 2O the bolts 22 pass into the cylinder head l2. The outer end of the cap 16 is 'when desired,

`end to any suitable at its inner end adapted 'to direct into a hot the cylinder l2 and the inner surface of hollowed out to form the elongated spherical or egg shaped combustion chamber 20.

The cylinder head l2 is preferably pro- -vided with a Water jacket space 22 communieating with the main cylindrical water jacket 24:. The hot cap 1G is also provided With its own independent Water jacket space 2G adapted to receive and discharge Water through suitable ports 30 provided for the purpose in the exterior wall of the Water jacket at any convenient point, as shown in F ig.l 2. The location of these ports and the method of getting the Water to and from them is entirely immaterial. This Water jacket 2G is separate and independent from the main water jacket system of the device so that Water may be circulated through it when desired, as for instance when the engine is Working continuously under a heavy load, or the Water may be entirely omitted as for instance when the engine is Working under a very light load or in a very cold place so that the use of the water jacket is unnecessary or even a detriment.

(ln the inside of the hot cap 1G and preferably located on the central axis of the engine cylinder, is a tubular cup 32 which may, however, take other forms Without departing from this invention. In the preferred form the cup is open to thecombustion chamber so as to receive some of the oil, and it improves the operation at light loads probably by starting ignition more promptly.v

Extending through the cylinder head l2 is an oil nozzle 34 of any suitablerconstruction known in the art connected at its outer source of oil supply and a stream 36 of o il into the igniter scribed. In proximity to the tube 32, heretofore described, is another tubeV 38 open at its inner end 40 into the combustion chamber 2O and having its outer end 42 closed. lVhen starting the engine, this tube is heated by any suitable means, such for instance asa blow torch, and this small highly heated tube therefore serves as a temporary vaporizer and igniter of the stream 3G of oil coming in proximity to it until such time as the combustion chamber 2O becomes hot enough from the regular explosions.

Extending circumferentially of the corncap 32, heretofore de ilo` bastion chamber 2O at about its middle is an `struction of Fig. 3, .and

annular ring,- di having a flange-46 pointed toward the hot cap 16, the same being adapted to receive and check currents oit' combustible gas passing` along 4the interior surface of the combustin chamber to the lett, as viewed in Fig. l, which, if unchecked,

would create a suction drawing the oil spray away from the tube 32 'Where it should Strike in order to be properly ignited, improper ignition of the oil spray of course resulting in irregular operation of the engine. This ring te may be made integral with the interior of the cap or otherwise attached thereto Without departing 'from this invention. r similar but less eiiective result is obtained by providing on the interior of the hot cap 1G a plurality of inwardly projecting pins or plugs L28, as shown in the alternative conalso by projecting With the hot 'Wings or tins 60 cast integral cap as in Fig. 4. l

In 'the operation of the device, assuming that the engine is c old, heat is iirst applied to the tube. 38 by a ltorch or the like, and after it has become thoroughlyheated the oil spray 36 is started. .-is soon as some of this oil strikes a portion oi' the hot cap which this tube 3S has heated, the mixture is ignited and, the resulting pressure in the combustion chamber 20 communicates through passageway li and drives the piston in the cylinder lO to the lett. In the meantime a supply of oil 3G has, by mechanism forming no part of this invention, been shut ofi". 'As the engine piston completes its return stroke, this oil is again admitted into the compressed air, which now occupies the combustion chamber Q and the operation is repeated. linnen the closed end oi' the com bustion chamber 2O has acquired sufficient.

heat from :he operation of the engine to ignite succ ive charges oi" oil delivered by spray G, the use ot the blow torch is omitted and the device ivorhs automatically in a manner vvcll known iu the art. Water is supplied to the water jacket space 2G or not, as the conditions under .which the engine is working may require in the manner and for the reasons heretofore set forth, while the internal ilang-c iii-i6 insures the proper delivcrv of the oil spray fili into the cup $32. ihc parts being' profmrtioned as described, highly ellicieut operation is obtained.

ln the modified structure oi llig'. .53, pins i8 or equivalent ribs (5() pei-torni the function oi the ring 4dr-iti, the device oi this structure operating the same as the device ot his. l.

liaving thus described our invention, what we claim asnew and desire to secure by Letters Patent isz"- l. ln adevice of the class described, a

combustion chamber having an openingjin' one pnrtion adapted to be connected to an awash engine cylinder, -a portion opposite said opening adapted to bemaintained hot vfor the vpurpose of4 ignit'ing fuel in the combustion chamber, means -for directing fuelmaterial against the hot portion of said combustion chamber, and-gas obstructing 1de vices inside said chamber between said openv ing-and said ,hot portion for the purposes set forth.

2. In a device of the class described, a combustion chamber having an opening in one portionl adapted'to be connected to an,

engine cylinder, a portion opposite said opening adapted to be maintained hotsfor the purpose of `igniting fuel in the combusf.

tion chamber, means for directing fuel-inaterial against the hot portion of said combustion chamber, and projections extending from the inside of the combustion chamber intermediate between said opening and said hot portion adapted to check the passage of air or gas t'aveling along the interior surface of the combustion chamber toward said openinof.

3. In a device of the class described, a combustion chamber having an opening in one portion adapted Ato be connected to an engine cylindeig'- a portion opposite said opening` adapted to be maintained hot for the purpose ot' igniting fuel in the combustion chamber, means for directing fuel materialagainst the hot portion of said combustion chamber, and a circumferential ring on theinterior of said chamber for impeding the passage of gas from the hot portion of said chamber to said opening.

ei. ln a device of the class described, 'a combustion chamber having an opening in one portion adapted to be connected to an engineV cylinder, a` portion opposite said. opening;l adapted to be maintained hot for the purpose of inciting fuel in the combustion chamber, means for directing' fuel man tcrial against the hot portion of said combustion chamber, and a circumferential ring on the interior ot' said chamber for imped ingr the passage of gas from the hot portion ot"saii-lchamber to said opening, said ring having' a iangze turned toward the hot por tion ot the combustion chamber.

In a device ofthe class described, the combination ot' a combustion chamber han ine anopeuingf in one portion, a heated portion opposite it, means for directing fuel into the combustion chamber toward said i heated portion opening into the chamber and adapted to receive the stream of fuel from,

said nozzle, this in combination with devices inside the combustion chamber obstructing the flow of gas from the hot portion of the chamber toward its opposite end.

portion opening into the chamber and adapted to receive the stream of fuel from said nozzle, this in combination with devices inside the combustion chamber obstructing the flow of gas from the hot portion of the chamber toward its opposite end.

8. ln a,de\'ice of the class described in combination with an engine cylinder, a combustion chamber connected to the end there-` of and 'having a hcatablc portion opposite to its connection to the engine cylinder, a cup in the heatable portion of the combustion chamber having its open end entering the combustion chamber, a nozzle pointed into the combustion chamber adapted to direct fuel into said cup, retarding devicesinside the combustion chamber and adjacent to its inner circumference adapted to impede the passage of gas from said heatable cup toward the entrance to the engine cylinder, and a device for regulating the temperature of the circumference of the combustion chamber, all of the parts being shaped, arranged and disposed as` shown and described foil the purposes set forth.

9. In a device of the class described, the combination of a combustion chamber, a fuel nozzle inside the chamber directing fuel against an opposite wall thereof, a cup in the last mentioned Wall of the chamber adapted to receive the -fuel from said nozzlef and an additional cup in immediate proximity to the first mentioned cup opening into the chamber and having its closed end extending outside the ivall of the chamber so that external heat may be applied thereto,l

for the purposes set forth.

l0. In a device of the class described, the combination of a combustion chamber, a fuel nozzle inside the chamber directing fuel against an opposite wall thereof, a cup in the last mentioned wall of the chamber adapted to receive the fuel from said nozzle, and an additional cup in immediate proximity to the first mentioned cup opening into the chamber and having its closed end extending outside the Wall of the chamber so that external heat may vbe appiied thereto, this in combination with a Water jacket de- 'vice for regulating the temperature of the external ivall of the combustion chamber for the purposes set forth.

In witness whereof ive have hereunto subscribed our names in the presence of tivo Witnesses.

i FRANKLIN Gr. HOBART.

CHARLES B. JAHNKE l/Vitnesses:

LLOYD Yos'r, GEO. McDoNaLn. 

